Naval Station Norfolk

The Camp Allen Landfill includes three distinct areas (Area A, the 45‐acre landfill; Area B, the 2‐acre fire disposal area; and the 2017 Time-Critical Removal Action area) within NSA Hampton Roads. The Area A landfill, which operated from the mid‐1940s until approximately 1974, was used for the disposal of metal-plating and parts cleaning sludge, paint‐stripping residue, various chlorinated organic solvents, overage chemicals, pesticides, asbestos, incinerator ash, fly and bottom ash from the Installation power plant, and miscellaneous debris. Wastes from a fire at the Camp Allen Salvage Yard (CASY) (Site 22), including drums containing various chemicals, were buried in 1971 in trenches at Area B. The 2017 Time-Critical Removal Action area is in a parking lot west of Camp Allen Elementary School. Impacted soil and discarded drums were identified during construction of the new Camp Allen Elementary School and subsequently were removed in 2017.

The primary contaminants found in all media at the Camp Allen Landfill are volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In addition, areas of inorganic contamination in surface water and sediments in the surrounding drainage ditches and in the onsite pond were identified. Groundwater contamination was found in both the Columbia aquifer (the shallow, water table aquifer) and the underlying Yorktown-Eastover aquifer in Areas A and B.

In November 1998, a groundwater extraction and treatment system, which extracts groundwater from extraction wells installed at the western perimeter of Area A and from Area B, began operating and continues to operate today. In addition, land use controls (LUCs) were implemented to enforce the following restrictions:

• Prohibit residential land use;

• Restriction on use of groundwater for any purpose other than environmental monitoring; and

• Maintenance of the existing soil cover and security.

Biennial long‐term monitoring (LTM) of groundwater and quarterly LUC inspections are performed to ensure the remedy is protective. The Site Management Plan provides the status of ongoing remedial action optimization investigation activities at Site 1.

The Naval Magazine Slag Pile is a 1‐acre disposal area for slag generated by an aluminum smelting operation during the 1950s and 1960s. The slag is a residual cinder material formed from fusion rocks such as limestone with impurities from the aluminum ore and ash from the blast furnace fuel. To create a level surface upon which the slag could be deposited, fly ash and bottom ash (derived from coal burning operations elsewhere at NSN) were also used as fill material at the site. The slag pile boundary was defined by the absence of vegetation in the vicinity of the slag pile. The site surface was subsequently regraded and established with vegetation.

A 1998 remedial investigation (Remedial Investigation) concluded that disposal activities had impacted the soil and groundwater at the site, along with sediment and surface water in the adjacent drainage channel. Based on the type of material disposed at the site, metals are the primary contaminants.

In November 1999, approximately 2,000 cubic yards of sediment were removed, followed by placement of an asphalt and soil cover across the site. LUCs were implemented to prevent disturbance of the cover and prohibit groundwater use for drinking water.

LTM of groundwater is conducted every 5 years, and quarterly LUC inspections are performed at Site 2 to ensure the protectiveness of the remedy. The Site Management Plan provides the status of activities at Site 2.

The Q‐Area Drum Storage Yard was previously a compound that occupied approximately 5 acres in the northwest corner of the NSN near the carrier piers. This area of the NSN was created by dredge-and-fill operations in the early 1950s and served as an open earthen yard that was used until the late 1980s to store tens of thousands of drums. Most of the drums contained new petroleum products, various chlorinated organic solvents, paint thinners, and pesticides. Previous investigations showed dark stains on the soil and oil‐saturated soil throughout the storage yard, indicating past spills. The northern portion of the yard, which was used to store leaking or damaged drums and hazardous materials, was particularly stained.

In response to fire safety concerns related to oil-saturated soils at the northern end of the storage area in 1986, the top 6 inches of soil were excavated from an area of 4,240 square yards and disposed offsite in 1987. Following the removal action, this area of the storage yard was paved. During investigation activities, groundwater at the site was found to be impacted by VOCs. To address the impacts, two air sparge (AS)/soil vapor extraction (SVE) systems were installed, and LUCs prohibiting the residential development of the site and the use of groundwater as a potable water source were implemented. The AS/SVE operated from 1998 until 2013 when the NSN ERP Partnering Team determined that the effectiveness of the system was limited.

Annual LTM of groundwater and quarterly LUC inspections are performed to ensure the protectiveness of the remedy. The Site Management Plan provides the status of activities at Site 3.

The Construction Debris Landfill occupies approximately 22 acres and is east of Hampton Boulevard and southwest of the Naval Exchange. The site incorporates two areas of landfilling operations—the eastern (unpermitted) section and the western (permitted) section. The unpermitted portion of the landfill operated from 1974 to 1979 and was used for demolition debris and inert solid waste, fly ash, and incinerator residue. In October 1979, Naval Facilities Engineering Systems Command received a permit from the Virginia Department of Health to use the landfill (western portion) for disposal of demolition debris and other non‐putrescible wastes, excluding fly ash, incinerator residues, chemicals, and asbestos. Blasting grit used for sandblasting cadmium‐plated aircraft parts was deposited at the landfill until 1981, when the blasting grit was classified as a hazardous waste, and onsite disposal of the material ceased. Landfilling operations continued in the western portion of the site until 1987.

Environmental investigations identified potential risks associated with contaminants in the soil, sediment, surface water, and groundwater. To address the impacts, a sediment removal action was completed at the drainage north of the landfill. A landfill cap also was constructed over the landfill and a portion of the drainage where the sediment removal action was not completed. In addition, LUCs were implemented to prohibit residential development of the site, use of shallow groundwater, public access, and any action that would disturb the integrity of the cap.

To ensure the remedy is protective, LTM of groundwater is conducted every 5 years, and quarterly site inspections are completed to assess the enforcement of the LUCs. The Site Management Plan provides the status of activities at Site 6.

Building LP20, northwest of Chambers Field Runway, primarily houses the Public Works Command’s Transportation Department. Previous activities at the building included aircraft engine overhaul, maintenance, painting, x‐ray facilities, cleaning and blasting, and a metal‐plating operation. Waste products generated from these activities were transferred to the industrial wastewater treatment plant via underground piping. The underground piping extends from the Fuel Farm, south of Building LP20, to Buildings LP78 and LP176, which are east of the site. Numerous spills or releases of wastewater and petroleum were documented between the 1940s and 1990s, along with releases associated with damage to underground wastewater lines during construction activities and leakage of the underground petroleum pipeline.

Investigations began in 1986 to evaluate the extent of releases from underground fuel pipelines, industrial wastewater lines, and various underground storage tanks following a release of Jet Propulsion‐5 fuel from the underground pipeline. These investigations indicated that VOCs are the primary contaminants detected in the area. Specifically, chlorinated VOCs were detected near Buildings LP20 and LP26. To address groundwater impacts, an AS/SVE system was installed to prevent migration of the plume and reduce VOC concentrations in groundwater to established cleanup goals. In addition, LUCs were implemented to prohibit the use of groundwater and ensure concrete and pavement are maintained to minimize exposure to soil. In 2010, a groundwater extraction systems was installed to enhance the AS/SVE. Shortly after construction of the groundwater extraction system, fouling within the system caused significant maintenance issues, which led to its shut down. Shortly thereafter in 2013, the AS/SVE system was shut down because of limited effectiveness. Following this, evaluation of alternatives to replace the AS/SVE system began. In addition, studies were initiated to evaluate the vapor intrusion pathway.

To ensure the remedy is protective, LTM of groundwater is conducted annually, and quarterly site inspections are completed to assess the enforcement of the LUCs. The Site Management Plan provides the status of ongoing activities at Site 20.

CASY operated from the 1940s until 1995 as a salvage yard for scrap materials generated at NSN. It is between Area A and Area B of the Camp Allen Landfill (Site 1). Activities included storage and management of waste oils, used chemicals, and scrap industrial and commercial equipment; metal smelting; various recycling activities; and miscellaneous burning. In addition, the facility was used to store acids, paint thinners, solvents, pesticides, and transformers. A polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) spill occurred at CASY in 1989, when a transformer was damaged by a forklift. The Public Works Center responded to the spill and conducted a preliminary cleanup at that time. When operations ceased in 1995, the buildings, incinerators, and rail lines were demolished.

Investigation activities found that soil at Site 22 was impacted by semivolatile organic compounds, pesticides, PCBs, and metals and that the sediment in the storm drains and pond adjacent to the site were impacted by similar constituents. To address the impacts, the initial remedial action at CASY consisted of offsite disposal of metals and PCB-contaminated soils. A PCB removal action began in August 1998. Additional delineation of site contaminants in 2001 identified six metals hotpots throughout the site. As an interim measure, the Department of the Navy (Navy) began removal of the hotspot soils in conjunction with the ongoing PCB removal action. The hotspot and PCB‐contaminated soil removal continued through 2001, with more than 16,000 cubic yards of material. Additional soil analytical data showed that the aerial extent of metals contamination was more widespread than previously estimated. It was estimated that approximately 29,000 cubic yards of soil remained at the site exceeding the metals cleanup goals. Based on the more comprehensive confirmation sampling and anticipated industrial land use, the Navy in partnership with USEPA and VDEQ agreed that placement of a soil cover was a more cost-effective approach than removal of the metals contaminated soils.

In 2003, sediment was removed from the pond area, and a soil cover was constructed for the sediments in the pond in June 2004. Following completion of the removal actions, LUCs were implemented to prohibit the development of the property for residential, childcare, or schools; ensure no construction or maintenance activities occur; and ensure no work on the storm drainage system around the pond occurs.

To ensure the remedy remains protective, quarterly site inspections are performed to assess the integrity of the cover and enforcement of the LUCs. The Site Management Plan provides the status of ongoing activities at Site 22.

Site 23, the former LP20 Plating Shop, is on the west side of Building LP20. The plating shop contained seven process pits that extended beneath the concrete floor and were used for cleaning, stripping, and plating engine parts. The concrete floor of the shop and the pits were lined with corrosion-resistant brick tiles. Underground pipes carried rinse water from the metal-plating activities to the industrial wastewater treatment plant. Investigation activities found VOCs, semivolatile organic compounds, and metals in soil exceeding applicable screening criteria. A removal action was completed to remove impacted soil, debris, and brick tiling from the plating shop. The pits were backfilled with flowable fill and covered with concrete and an impermeable sealant. Following completion of the removal action, LUCs were implemented to prohibit residential use of the area surrounding Site 23 and activities that interfere with or compromise the integrity of the concrete cover.

To ensure the remedy remains protective, quarterly site inspections are performed to assess the integrity of the cover and enforcement of the LUCs. The Site Management Plan provides the status of ongoing activities at Site 23.

The Q‐50 Satellite Accumulation Area is in the northeast corner of NSN. Solid Waste Management Unit (SWMU) 14 consisted of a concrete storage pad surrounded by a grass‐covered field. The pad served as a 90‐day hazardous waste accumulation area where wastes generated through various waste streams were processed (sampled, identified, labeled, and packaged) before being shipped for eventual disposal. The original concrete pad for the accumulation area has since been removed.

Remedial Investigation activities identified potential unacceptable risk to human health from exposure to soil. To address the potential unacceptable risk, an asphalt cover was constructed over SWMU 14, and LUCs were implemented to prohibit digging or disturbance of the asphalt cover and recreational or residential use of the site.

To ensure the remedy remains protective, quarterly site inspections are performed to assess the integrity of the cover and enforcement of the LUCs. The Site Management Plan provides the status of ongoing activities at SWMU 14.

The Former Naval Magazine Waste Storage Area is in the southeastern corner of NSN and was used from 1975 to 1979 to store drums of hazardous waste, consisting of waste oil, metal-plating solutions and sludges, chlorinated organic acids (including trichloroethene and 1,1,1‐trichloroethane), and paint stripping solutions. Spillage of waste oil and hazardous wastes occurred in this area. A pit was excavated, and an existing drainage ditch was widened and lengthened to channel waste oil and contaminated runoff into an unlined pit. Oil and contaminated water were periodically pumped from the pit and transported to a wastewater treatment plant. Initial site investigations identified elevated VOC concentrations in groundwater and determined that there was evidence for biodegradation of trichloroethene at Site 18. An interim groundwater remedial action was completed in 2008 to remediate VOCs in groundwater via enhanced reductive dechlorination. Following completion of the associated performance monitoring, an additional remedial action was completed in 2010 to further encourage reduction of VOCs in groundwater. Additional performance monitoring indicated that VOCs in groundwater were significantly reduced because of the remedial actions. In addition, LUCs were implemented to prohibit digging and withdrawal of groundwater.

To ensure the remedy is protective, LTM of groundwater is conducted annually, and quarterly site inspections are completed to assess the enforcement of the LUCs. The Site Management Plan provides the status of ongoing activities at Site 18.

Refer to Site 1 (OU1) and Site 22 (OU8) for the site description and history of the sites. In 2014, 18 monitoring wells, sampled as part of the Site 1 LTM groundwater sampling event, were analyzed for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) because of recommendation in the Third Five-Year Review. PFAS exceeded screening criteria at 15 of the monitoring wells that were sampled. During the PFAS Preliminary Assessment, Site 1 and Site 22 were identified as potential PFAS release areas and recommended for further investigation. Because the objectives of a Site Inspection were met during the LTM sampling, Site 1 and 22 were not evaluated during the Site Inspection but recommended for further investigation via an Remedial Investigation. Following completion of the Site Inspection, Site 1 and Site 22 were grouped and designated Site 1 and Site 22 (OU15) for PFAS investigations and actions.

The Site Management Plan provides the status of activities at Site 1 and Site 22 (OU15).

Site 3 (OU16), in the northwestern corner of NSN along the Elizabeth River, consists of the following PFAS investigation areas: Site 3 (OU3) – Q-Area Drum Storage Yard (Refer to Site 3 [OU3] for additional site description and history of the site); Pier 11, Pier 12, and Pier 14; and Bunker Hill and Maryland Avenue. Piers 11, 12, and 14 each contain oily water and waste oil (OWWO) and sanitary sewer systems that support bilge water transfers to the Craney Island oily wastewater treatment plant. The piers have documented multiple aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) releases from docked ships. The Bunker Hill and Maryland Avenue site is in the northwestern portion of NSN at the intersection of Bunker Hill and Maryland Avenue. On February 23, 2006, a 5-gallon bucket of AFFF fell off a truck at this intersection because of operator error. It is probable that the bucket spilled or broke open when it fell from the truck.

Each respective area was identified as a confirmed or potential PFAS release area during the PFAS Preliminary Assessment. Site 3 (OU3) – Q-Area Drum Storage Yard and Bunker Hill and Maryland Avenue were evaluated during the 2022 PFAS Site Inspection. During the Site Inspection, PFAS were detected in soil or groundwater at concentrations greater than screening criteria, and a Remedial Investigation was recommended. Following completion of the Site Inspection, Site 3 (OU3) – Q-Area Drum Storage Yard; Piers 11, 12, and 14; and Bunker Hill and Maryland Avenue were grouped because of their proximity and designated Site 3 (OU16) for PFAS investigations and actions. The Site Management Plan provides the status of the investigation at Site 3 (OU16).

The Fire Fighting School (FFS) is a noncontiguous area of NSA Hampton Roads that supports firefighting training for Navy personnel. The FFS, also known as the Farrier Fire Fighting School, is a 12.3-acre facility west of Hampton Boulevard between Baker Road and 6th Street and has been in operation since 1963. FFS operations historically used AFFF, with documented overflows occurring during training activities. Training involved igniting fuel oil fires in concrete pits or rings and extinguishing them with AFFF, water, and other agents, after which fire suppression runoff flowed to storm drains. AFFF was often discharged indoors and disposed of in outdoor concrete pits. SWMU 8 is within the footprint of the FFS.

In 1989, environmental investigations were initiated to evaluate petroleum, oil, and lubricant contaminated surface and subsurface soils, groundwater, and onsite structures. Following site assessment, approximately 25,000 tons of soil were excavated and thermally treated onsite between January and April 1992, followed by demolition of remaining structures and construction of new firefighting training facilities. The petroleum, oil, and lubricant site was closed in 2001.

In 2022, the FFS was identified as a PFAS release area in the PFAS Preliminary Assessment and evaluated during the 2022 PFAS Site Inspection. PFAS were detected in soil and groundwater at concentrations greater than screening criteria, and a Remedial Investigation was recommended. Following completion of the Site Inspection, the site was designated SWMU 8 (OU17) for PFAS investigations and actions. The Site Management Plan provides the status of the investigation at SWMU 8 (OU17).

Refer to Site 18 (OU18) for the site description and history of the site.

In 2022, Site 18 was identified as a potential PFAS release area in the PFAS Preliminary Assessment because of PFAS concentrations in purge water generated during annual groundwater monitoring conducted at Site 18 (OU18). During the 2022 PFAS Site Inspection, PFAS were detected in groundwater at concentrations greater than screening criteria, and a Remedial Investigation was recommended. Following completion of the Site Inspection, Site 18 was designated Site 18 (OU18) for PFAS investigations and actions. The Site Management Plan provides the status of the investigation at Site 18 (OU18).

SWMU 14 Q 50 Satellite Accumulation Area (OU19), in the northwest corner of NSN along the Elizabeth River, includes three PFAS release areas: Building Q50, Building Q50D, and the Frac Tanks Area.

Building Q50, constructed in 1987, serves as the Oil Response Facility and collects oily waste from spill response, tank cleanouts, and other regional activities. Wastewater is drained into a system that ultimately transfers to Craney Island, and OWWO from ship and shore sources is stored in onsite tanks for later disposal. Building Q50D, built in 1981 and southwest of Q50, houses 13 aboveground storage tanks (ASTs) containing oily waste, waste fuel, or petroleum products recovered from ships, along with drums, underground storage tanks, additional ASTs, and an oil/water separator (OWS) capable of holding about 5,000 gallons. Tanks 9 and 13 have been documented to contain AFFF, and the facility also stores OWWO from ship and shore sources.

The Frac Tanks Area historically contained three frac tanks used to store OWWO, and at times, AFFF mixed with water from hangar suppression releases. Vacuum trucks collecting AFFF after spills often discharged recovered foam into these tanks, which were prone to overfilling because of the difficulty of estimating foam volume, resulting in AFFF being released into surrounding areas.

The respective areas were identified as potential or confirmed PFAS release areas during the PFAS Preliminary Assessment and evaluated during the 2022 PFAS Site Inspection. During the Site Inspection, PFAS were detected in soil or groundwater at concentrations greater than screening criteria, and a Remedial Investigation was recommended. Following completion of the Site Inspection, Buildings Q50 and Q50D and the Frac Tank Area were grouped because of their proximity and designated SWMU 14 (OU19) for PFAS investigations and actions. The Site Management Plan provides the status of the investigation at SWMU 14 (OU19).

Refer to Site 20 (OU4) for the site description and history of the site.

Site 20 (OU20), located in the central portion of NSN, includes Buildings LP21, LP24, V52, V70, and V147, and Site 20 (OU4), each of which is described further as follows:

• Building LP21, constructed in 2003 as the VAW Maintenance Hangar, contains an automatic AFFF fire‑suppression system and experienced multiple AFFF releases between 2006 and 2018.

• Building LP24, constructed in 1986, operates as a hazardous waste storage facility. It has formerly housed various plating and metal‑processing operations. The building has been used to stored AFFF and rinse water from Building LP168 in large frac tanks. Spills during changeout of the AFFF storage tanks outside of LP24 have been documented.

• Building V52, formerly a warehouse north of Aircraft Tow Way, burned in 2011 during hot‑work activities, and the fire was extinguished with AFFF, with runoff entering Willoughby Bay.

• Building V70, constructed in 2009, is a hangar near the northern edge of NSN that experienced an approximately 50‑gallon AFFF release in 2013 because of inadvertent activation of the fire‑suppression system.

• Building V147, constructed in 1971, is used as the Fleet Readiness Center Aircraft Department hangar for aircraft repair. The hangar contains an AFFF fire-suppression system. In 1995, an industrial wastewater line break occurred adjacent to Building V147, releasing approximately 10,000 gallons of industrial wastewater (with about one‑third unrecovered and requiring soil excavation). Later, 100 gallons of AFFF were released from the suppression system; however, the cleanup method was not recorded.

• Refer to Site 20 (OU4) for a description of the site and its history. During LTM at Site 20 (OU4) in 2014, groundwater samples were analyzed for PFAS and concentrations in select samples exceeded screening criteria.

During the PFAS Preliminary Assessment, Buildings LP21, LP24, V52, V70, and V147 and Site 20 (OU4) were identified as potential or confirmed release areas. Buildings V52, V70, and V147 were evaluated during the Site Inspection. Buildings LP21, LP24, and Site 20 (OU4) were not evaluated during the Site Inspection but recommended for further investigation in the form of a Remedial Investigation during the Preliminary Assessment. During the 2022 PFAS Site Inspection, PFAS were detected in soil or groundwater at concentrations greater than screening criteria at the areas evaluated, and a Remedial Investigation was recommended. Following completion of the Site Inspection, Buildings LP21, LP24, V52, V70, and V147 and Site 20 (OU4) were grouped because of their proximity and designated Site 20 (OU20) for PFAS investigations and actions. The Site Management Plan provides the status of the investigation at Site 20 (OU20).

Site 24 (W Area), located within NSA Hampton Roads, includes the W Fuel Farm, Building W146, Pier 9, and Pier 10. The W Fuel Farm, visible in aerial imagery since 1954, historically consisted of multiple large ASTs connected by an extensive piping network that distributed fuels such as Jet Propulsion-5, Diesel Fuel-Marin, and Navy Special Fuel Oil. Remediation began in 2001, followed by demolition of the tanks and piping in 2008 to 2009 and multiple soil excavations between 2009 and 2021 to address petroleum impacted areas. Building W146, the former Fire Station #1 constructed in 1942, historically stored 3 percent AFFF, but it is now unused and slated for demolition. Pier 9 and Pier 10 both contain OWWO and sanitary sewer systems that support bilge water transfers and ship servicing operations. Various releases of AFFF from the piers have occurred in the past.

The respective areas were identified as potential or confirmed PFAS release areas during the PFAS Preliminary Assessment. The W-Fuel Farm and Building W146 were evaluated during the 2022 PFAS Site Inspection. During the Site Inspection, PFAS were detected in soil or groundwater at concentrations greater than screening criteria and a Remedial Investigation was recommended. Following completion of the Site Inspection, the W-Fuel Farm, Building W146, Pier 9, and Pier 10 were grouped because of their proximity and were designated Site 24 (OU24) for PFAS investigations and actions. The Site Management Plan provides the status of the investigation at Site 24 (OU24).

Site 25, located in the southwestern portion of NSN, includes Building CEP178 Fire Station, along with Piers 4 and 6. Constructed in 2011, Building CEP178 serves as an active fire station where fire trucks are washed on concrete surfaces that drain to an OWS; an unspecified amount of AFFF is stored both onsite and on the trucks. Piers 4 and 6, built in 1979, contain OWWO systems that transfer bilge water from docked vessels to a barge for transport to the Craney Island oily wastewater treatment plant. Various releases of AFFF or PFAS containing materials from the piers have occurred in the past.

The respective areas were identified as potential or confirmed PFAS release areas during the PFAS Preliminary Assessment. The Building CEP178 Fire Station was evaluated during the 2022 PFAS Site Inspection. During the Site Inspection, PFAS were detected in groundwater at concentrations greater than screening criteria, and a Remedial Investigation was recommended. Following completion of the Site Inspection, CEP178 Fire Station, Pier 4, and Pier 6 were grouped because of their proximity and designated Site 25 (OU25) for PFAS investigations and actions. The Site Management Plan provides the status of the investigation at Site 25 (OU25).

Site 26, located in the southwestern portion of NSN along the Elizabeth River, includes the CEP Tank Farm Area, Pier Area C, and Pier 2. The CEP Tank Farm contains two ASTs, CEP3 (1944) and CEP11 (1977), which store OWWO from pier operations and OWSs across NSN and the FFS. Several leaks have occurred, including a 1 gallon pipeline spill to a storm drain in 2012 and a 200 gallon spill from AST CEP3 in 2013. A 2014 to 2015 leak in the force main piping, between CEP11 and Building CEP10, allowed OWWO with an oily sheen to accumulate beneath the berm liner and enter a stormwater catch basin. Cleanup of all these leaks included removal of product and impacted water via vacuum truck.

Pier Area C, part of the W Fuel Farm distribution network, supports ship maintenance and loading/unloading activities. It has experienced widespread petroleum, oil, and lubricant contamination since 1980, leading to a corrective action system that was installed in 1996 with recovery wells and skimming pumps. Pier 2, constructed in 2001, handles bilge water transfers to Craney Island oily wastewater treatment plant and supports painting operations. Multiple AFFF releases from docked ships have occurred at this pier.

The respective areas were identified as potential or confirmed PFAS release areas during the PFAS Preliminary Assessment. The CEP Tank Farm Area and Pier Area C were evaluated during the 2022 PFAS Site Inspection. During the Site Inspection, PFAS were detected in groundwater at concentrations greater than screening criteria, and a Remedial Investigation was recommended. Following completion of the Site Inspection, the CEP Tank Farm Area, Pier Area C, and Pier 2 were grouped because of their proximity and designated Site 26 (OU26) for PFAS investigations and actions. The Site Management Plan provides the status of the investigation at Site 26 (OU26).

Site 27 consists of the Building KBB Fire Truck Maintenance Shop, which was constructed in 1940, and is off Piersey Street. Building KBB currently operates as a housing and training facility at NSN. The western portion of the building includes a fire truck maintenance shop. Storage and handling of AFFF, along with firefighting training activities and equipment testing, has been reported at Building KBB.

Building KBB was identified as a potential PFAS release area during the PFAS Preliminary Assessment and was evaluated during the 2022 PFAS Site Inspection. During the Site Inspection, PFAS were detected in groundwater at concentrations greater than screening criteria, and a Remedial Investigation was recommended. Following completion of the Site Inspection, Building KBB was designated Site 27 (OU27). The Site Management Plan provides the status of the investigation at Site 27 (OU27).

Site 28, located in the northern portion of NSN, includes LF Hangars 59, 60, and 34, along with Buildings R43 and V49. Building LF59, constructed in 1988, supports helicopter squadron maintenance and contains concrete trench drains and an AFFF fire suppression system. In 2011, approximately 150 gallons of AFFF were accidentally released, with some entering the storm system and discharging to Willoughby Bay; 9 to 12 gallons of AFFF concentrate were also reported as reaching the sanitary sewer through the trench drains, OWS, and lift station. Building LF34, built in 1966 and currently used as an aircraft paint shop, experienced a 50 gallon AFFF release in 2006 because of a faulty sprinkler system, likely outside the structure, though cleanup details were not recorded.

Building R43 (Fire Station #2), constructed in 1943, has stored 2,500 to 2,800 gallons of AFFF in drums and historically used its former eastern storage room footprint as a training burn area. Fire trucks are washed on the concrete driveway south of the building, which drains to a spill diversion valve and stormwater system. Building V49, present by at least 1954 and demolished between 1994 and 2001, formerly served as an auto shop; the grassy area that replaced it was reportedly used for firefighting equipment testing and equipment storage.

The respective areas were identified as potential or confirmed PFAS release areas during the PFAS Preliminary Assessment and evaluated during the 2022 PFAS Site Inspection. During the Site Inspection, PFAS were detected in soil or groundwater at concentrations greater than screening criteria, and a Remedial Investigation was recommended. Following completion of the Site Inspection, the areas were grouped because of their proximity and designated Site 28 (OU28) for PFAS investigations and actions. The Site Management Plan provides the status of the investigation at Site 28 (OU28).

Site 29, located in the central portion of NSN, includes LP Hangars 27, 33, and 34. Building LP27, constructed in 2003, operates as the E2C aircraft maintenance hangar and contains an automatic AFFF fire suppression system with trench drains. It experienced two notable AFFF releases: a 1,000 gallon discharge in 2005 triggered by smoke from a barbecue grill, and a 700 gallon release in 2009 because of a malfunctioning valve. Building LP33, constructed in 1992 for carrier airborne early warning aircraft maintenance, has an automatic AFFF suppression system and previously stored approximately 9,000 pounds of AFFF. During maintenance involving a bladder tank replacement, AFFF was accidentally sprayed into the parking lot and entered a nearby creek. Building LP34, built in 1994 and used for aircraft maintenance, also contains an automatic AFFF system, including a 9,000 gallon AFFF AST, trench drains, a lift station, and an OWS.

The respective areas were identified as confirmed PFAS release areas during the PFAS Preliminary Assessment and evaluated during the 2022 PFAS Site Inspection. During the Site Inspection, PFAS were detected in groundwater at concentrations greater than screening criteria, and a Remedial Investigation was recommended. Following completion of the Site Inspection, the areas were grouped because of their proximity and designated Site 29 (OU29) for PFAS investigations and actions. The Site Management Plan provides the status of the investigation at Site 29 (OU29).

Site 30, located in the central–eastern portion of NSN, includes Buildings LP166 and LP35, the Firefighting Training Area, and Chambers Field Runway. Building LP35, constructed in 1993, serves as a wash rack for airfield vehicles that carry AFFF, along with other equipment, with minor airfield truck maintenance conducted onsite. Building LP166, built between 1967 and 1970 and currently operating as Fire Station #3, has historically stored AFFF in 55 gallon drums or ASTs. Firetrucks from NSN and other installations refill AFFF in this area. Installation personnel and firefighters reported that firefighting training occurred in the vicinity of LP166 where AFFF was used during training exercises. North of Building LP166 at the Firefighting Training Area, firefighting training historically occurred at the aircraft mockup. To the south, Chambers Field Runway (Runway 28) spans approximately 1.5 miles and includes the associated taxiways. AFFF was historically applied to the runway during a wheels up landing to reduce sparking, with additional unconfirmed instances of use to suppress fires or avoid sparking.

The respective areas were identified as confirmed PFAS release areas during the PFAS Preliminary Assessment and evaluated during the 2022 PFAS Site Inspection. During the Site Inspection, PFAS were detected in soil, groundwater, surface water, or sediment at concentrations greater than screening criteria, and a Remedial Investigation was recommended. Following completion of the Site Inspection, the areas were grouped because of their proximity and designated Site 30 (OU30) for PFAS investigations and actions. The Site Management Plan provides the status of the investigation at Site 30 (OU30).

Site 31, located north of A Street in the northeast portion of NSN, includes Buildings SP35 and SP40, both maintenance hangars equipped with automatic AFFF fire suppression systems and 9,000 gallon AFFF (3 percent) ASTs. AFFF releases have been documented at each building.

Each building was identified as a confirmed PFAS release area during the PFAS Preliminary Assessment and evaluated during the 2022 PFAS Site Inspection. During the Site Inspection, PFAS were detected in groundwater at concentrations greater than screening criteria, and a Remedial Investigation was recommended. Following completion of the Site Inspection, the areas were grouped because of their proximity and designated Site 31 (OU31) for PFAS investigations and actions. The Site Management Plan provides the status of the investigation at Site 31 (OU31).

Site 32, located north of Rippard Avenue in the northeast corner of NSN, consists of the SP Spray Area. The area was formerly the location of the SP Fuel Farm, but it is currently a grassy, undeveloped area. Based on interviews with current firefighters stationed at NSN, the area has been used for firefighting spray-testing.

The SP Spray Area was identified as a potential PFAS release area during the PFAS Preliminary Assessment and evaluated during the 2022 PFAS Site Inspection. During the Site Inspection, PFAS were detected in groundwater at concentrations greater than screening criteria, and a Remedial Investigation was recommended. Following completion of the Site Inspection, the area was designated Site 32 (OU32) for PFAS investigations and actions. The Site Management Plan provides the status of the investigation at Site 32 (OU32).

Site 33, located on Hampton Boulevard, adjacent to Liberty Military Housing at NSA Hampton Roads, consists of Building BEN154, the current Navy Region Mid-Atlantic Fire and Emergency Services Fire Station #4. Building BEN154 was opened sometime between 1983 and 1985 and has historically stored AFFF and possibly performed AFFF equipment testing in the past.

Building BEN154 was identified as a potential PFAS release area during the PFAS Preliminary Assessment and evaluated during the 2022 PFAS Site Inspection. During the Site Inspection, PFAS were detected in soil and groundwater at concentrations greater than screening criteria, and a Remedial Investigation was recommended. Following completion of the Site Inspection, the area was designated Site 33 (OU33) for PFAS investigations and actions. The Site Management Plan provides the status of the investigation at Site 33 (OU33).

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